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HYDROLASES

Hydrolases (hydrolytic enzymes, acidic hydrolases) are a family of enzymes, which serve for a regulated intracellular decomposition of macromolecules. Hydrolases catalyze water transport reactions (hydrolysis) between donor molecules and acceptor molecules. Hydrolases make the contents of the organelle lysosoma.

Depending on the character of hydrolizable bonds, hydrolases are divided into classes:

• the ones, which influence ester bonds (lipases),
• glycosidic bonds (amylases),
• peptide bonds (peptidases),
• acid-anhydride bonds (adenosine triphosphatases), etc.

The most well-known are proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, carbohydrases, phospholipases, phosphatases and sulphatases. Hydrolytic enzymes are the most active at pH, close to 5. Precisely this value of medium reaction is maintained inside a lysosoma. Hydrolases are synthesizes in the endoplasmatic reticulum; then they are subject to processing, while going through the Golgi complex, and then they are transported from there into lysosomas by bulbs, which are bordered in a special way. Nearly 200 hydrolases are known.